In this tutorial, you will be familiarize with one type of conditional statement that is switch statement available for C programming language, along with its syntax and example of switch .
Conditional statements
Conditional statements are those code which allows you to control the program’s flow of the execution centred on a condition.
It means that the statements in the program are not executed in sequence.
Rather, one group of statements is executed, depending on how the condition is evaluated.
Switch statement:
Syntax :
switch (expression) { case label: statements; break; case label: statements; // optional break; case label: statements; // optional break; case label: statements; // optional break; // you can add numerous cases default : statements; }
* Expression written in the switch must results in integer value.
* Otherwise default statement executes if present in the switch statement.
* break statement must be written in the end in each case.
* break causes the execution to jump out of the switch to the statement immediately following the switch.
Example of switch statement:
C program which determines whether the entered character by user is a vowel or a consonant.
// Header file which contains functions for standard input and output manipulative operation. #include <stdio.h> // Compiling of code start from main function int main() { // Declaration of local variable of data-type char char ch; // To display on console screen printf(“Enter any character in lower case…… /n ”); // To get input from user scanf(“%c”,&ch); switch (ch) { case 'a': printf(“Entered character is a vowel /n ”); break; case 'e': printf(“Entered character is a vowel /n ”); break; case 'i': printf(“Entered character is a vowel /n ”); break; case 'o': printf(“Entered character is a vowel /n ”); break; case 'u': printf(“Entered character is a vowel /n ”); break; // you can add numerous cases default : printf(“Entered character is a consonant /n ”); } return 0; }
Here I include both the possible aspects for this code such as entered character is a vowel like ‘a’or it may be a consonant like ‘g’.
Output of both the cases shown below :
case 1. if entered entered character is a vowel like ‘a’ then the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
OUTPUT:
Enter any character in lower case……a Entered character is a vowel
But,
case 2. if entered entered character is a a consonant like ‘g’ then the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
OUTPUT:
Enter any character in lower case……g Entered character is a consonant